INTRODUCTION EARLIER DEFINITION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Over 200 years ago, compounds were classified according to their properties and origin. Thus, organic compounds were defined as            The compounds obtained from living organisms were called...

INDUSTRY Chemical formula of Gypsum is CaS04.2H₂O. This mineral is widely deposited throughout the world. ROLE OF GYPSUM IN AGRICULTURE   1.  Gypsum is an important source of Ca and S. 2.  In fertilizers,...

Most of the Na is prepared by the electrolysis of fused NaCl in Down’s cell. CONSTRUCTION Down cell was designed by J.C Down. It consists of a circular furnace. There is a large block...

The conversions of gases into liquids require high pressure and low temperature. High pressure brings the molecules close to each other. Low temperature decreases the K.E of molecules. Thus, attractive forces are developed among...

The product of the magnitude of one of the charges ( positive or negative ) and the distance between their centers is called dipole moment “. Explanation The bond between two atoms of different...

The average energy required to break one mole of similar bonds in a substance is called bond energy. Units: It is expressed in kJ / mol It is the energy required to break an...

SUBLIMATION The process of direct conversion of a solid into vapours by heating without passing through the liquid phase is called sublimation. The vapours can be condensed to form the solid again. Sublimation is...

The process for obtaining crystals of a substance by cooling its hot saturated solution is called crystallization. Crystallization is used to purify the crude solid product. Principle Its principle is that ” Solute is...

Analytical Chemistry: The branch of chemistry deals with the study of analytical methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical substances. It is the science of chemical characterization Qualitative Analysis: It deals with the...